Aniline reacts with bromine water at room temperature to give a white precipitate of 2,4,6-tribromoaniline.
The activating effect of -NH2 group can be controlled by protecting the -NH2 group by acetylation with acetic anhydride, then carrying out the desired substitution followed by hydrolysis of the substituted amide to the substituted amine.
(2) Nitration
In the strongly acidic medium aniline is protonated to form the anilinium ion which is meta directing group.
By protecting the -NH2 group by acetylation reaction with acetic anhydride, the nitration reaction can be control and the para nitro derivative can be obtained.
(3) Sulphonation ( zwitter ionic form of Aniline)
Aniline reacts with concentrated sulphuric acid to form and anilinium hydrogensulphate which on heating with sulfuric acid at 453-473 K produces para amino benzenesulphonic acid, commonly known as sulphanilic acid as the major product.
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